In a thought-provoking conversation with Lewis Bollard of Open Philanthropy, the discussion centers on the complex intersection of animal welfare, industrial efficiency, and technological innovation in the meat industry. While factory farming remains a highly efficient but ethically troubling system, the episode explores how both policy and emerging technologies could significantly reduce the suffering of billions of animals. The conversation also delves into the surprising economic and political forces that sustain the current system, and what it might take to shift toward a more humane future.