The discussion begins with Sextus Empiricus, the greatest ancient skeptic, who advocated Pyrrhonism to achieve ataraxia, or tranquility, by suspending judgment. His 'Outlines of Pyrrhonism' summarized skeptical arguments that later influenced early modern philosophers. Pyrrhonism, founded by Aenesidemus, was more radical than Academic skepticism, using 'modes' to question beliefs without asserting doctrines. The ten modes, like variations in perception, and the five modes of Agrippa—dispute, relativity, hypothesis, regress, and circularity—demonstrate that any belief is debatable, leading to a stalemate called isostheneia. This forces suspension of judgment (epoché), which unexpectedly leads to ataraxia. Skeptics remain inquirers, avoiding dogmas, but face practical challenges. Sextus defends skepticism against charges of dogmatism, arguing that skeptics live by appearances, cultural norms, and natural impulses without assenting to truth. He notes that his empiricist medical approach, based on observation over theory, does not fully align with skepticism.