Ibn Khaldūn's philosophy of history centers on asabiyya, a form of tribal solidarity that drives conquest but inevitably leads to luxury and decline, creating recurring political cycles. He critiques traditional historians for relying on legends, advocating instead for history as a philosophical science based on empirical analysis. His Muqaddimah outlines five stages of dynastic change: conquest through group solidarity, emergence of a single ruler, wise rule, overconfidence and luxury, and eventual collapse. Religious fervor can intensify asabiyya, as seen with early Muslims and the Almohad movement. While sedentary life leads to political decline, it also enables arts and sciences to flourish in stable cities. Ibn Khaldūn values rationalism but respects mysticism, acknowledging the limits of reason and allowing for miraculous events like Muhammad's revelation.