In this lecture, military historian Sarah Paine explains how Russia—and specifically Stalin—completely derailed China’s rise, slowing them down for over a century. This lecture was particularly interesting to me because, in my opinion, the Chinese Civil War is 1 of the top 3 most important events of the 20th century. And to understand why it transpired as it did, you need to understand Stalin’s role in the whole thing. Watch on YouTube [https://youtu.be/RH_ycZYH8-s]; read the transcript [https://www.dwarkesh.com/p/sarah-paine-russo-chinese]. Sponsors Mercury [https://mercury.com] helps you run your business better. It’s the banking platform we use for the podcast — we love that we can see our cash balance, AR, and AP all in one place. Join us (and over 200,000 other entrepreneurs) at mercury.com [https://mercury.com] Labelbox [https://labelbox.com/dwarkesh] scrutinizes public benchmarks at the single data-row level to probe what’s really being evaluated. Using this knowledge, they can generate custom training data for hill climbing existing benchmarks, or design new benchmarks from scratch. Learn more at labelbox.com/dwarkesh [https://mercury.com] To sponsor a future episode, visit dwarkesh.com/advertise [https://www.dwarkesh.com/advertise]. Timestamps (00:00:00) – How Russia took advantage of China’s weakness (00:22:58) – After Stalin, China’s rise (00:33:52) – Russian imperialism (00:45:23) – China’s and Russia’s existential problems (01:04:55) – Q&A: Sino-Soviet Split (01:22:44) – Stalin’s lessons from WW2 Get full access to Dwarkesh Podcast at www.dwarkesh.com/subscribe [https://www.dwarkesh.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_4]