The Andrej Karpathy [https://x.com/karpathy] episode. During this interview, Andrej explains why reinforcement learning is terrible (but everything else is much worse), why AGI will just blend into the previous ~2.5 centuries of 2% GDP growth, why self driving took so long to crack, and what he sees as the future of education. It was a pleasure chatting with him. Watch on YouTube [https://youtu.be/lXUZvyajciY]; read the transcript [https://dwarkesh.substack.com/p/andrej-karpathy]. Sponsors * Labelbox [https://labelbox.com/dwarkesh] helps you get data that is more detailed, more accurate, and higher signal than you could get by default, no matter your domain or training paradigm. Reach out today at labelbox.com/dwarkesh [https://labelbox.com/dwarkesh] * Mercury [https://mercury.com] helps you run your business better. It’s the banking platform we use for the podcast — we love that we can see our accounts, cash flows, AR, and AP all in one place. Apply online in minutes at mercury.com [https://mercury.com] * Google’s Veo 3.1 [https://blog.google/technology/ai/veo-updates-flow/] update is a notable improvement to an already great model. Veo 3.1’s generations are more coherent and the audio is even higher-quality. If you have a Google AI Pro or Ultra plan, you can try it in Gemini today by visiting https://gemini.google [https://gemini.google] Timestamps (00:00:00) – AGI is still a decade away (00:29:45) – LLM cognitive deficits (00:40:05) – RL is terrible (00:49:38) – How do humans learn? (01:06:25) – AGI will blend into 2% GDP growth (01:17:36) – ASI (01:32:50) – Evolution of intelligence & culture (01:42:55) - Why self driving took so long (01:56:20) - Future of education Get full access to Dwarkesh Podcast at www.dwarkesh.com/subscribe [https://www.dwarkesh.com/subscribe?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_4]